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Sentences for "aorta"
From what has been said, it will be evident, that strictly speaking, there are only two arteries and seven veins in the body; one pulmonary artery, which carries the blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, and four pulmonary veins, which bring it back again; then the aorta or large artery, which carries the blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all parts of the body; the two venae cavae, and the coronary vein of the heart, which bring it back again.
The receptacle of the chyle is a membranous bag, about two thirds of an inch long, and one third of an inch wide, at its superior part it is contracted into a slender membranous pipe, called the thoracic duct, because its course is principally through the thorax; it passes between the aorta and the vena azygos, then obliquely over the oesophagus, and great curvature of the aorta, and continuing its course towards the internal jugular vein, it enters the left subclavian vein on its superior part.
-Another form of infantilism is associated with a malformation of the heart and blood-vessels, that is to say, the heart and aorta together with the entire circulatory system are of small dimensions; the calibre of the arteries is less than normal.
Methods Aortic smooth muscle cell culture Vascular smooth muscle cells were derived from the aorta of male Sprague-Dawley rats by an explant method previously described [ 36 ] .
EP 2 mRNA expression was also detected in the rabbit aorta and inferior vena cava thus providing further evidence that the EP 2 receptor is functionally expressed in both arteries and veins.
Expression of this G S -coupled cAMP-stimulating PGE 2 receptor in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from the aorta supports a direct role of the EP 2 receptor in mediating vascular relaxation.
Culture of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), cortical collecting duct cells (CCD), glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) and renal medullary interstitial cells (MICs) The aorta was cut open in a longitudinal section and the thin layer of endothelial cells was removed using a cotton-tipped applicator.
The aorta was cut into small pieces and suspended in DMEM medium containing 20 % FCS and grown in a culture dish in standard incubation at 37°C.
Methods Animal model of aortocaval fistula The aortocaval fistula (ACF) [ 18 19 ] was created between the infrarenal abdominal aorta and the adjacent vena cava in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g.
Through a midline abdominal incision the infra-renal abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava were visualized.
The outer wall of the aorta distal to the clamp was pierced with the needle, which was then advanced into the vena cava.
Blood flow measurement and wall shear stress calculations Blood flow rate (mL/min) in the infra-renal aorta was measured by micro Doppler velocimetry before and immediately after ACF construction and again at the end of the experiment.
Sampling and perfusion fixation The infra-renal aorta of 5 mm long, starting 2 mm proximal to the fistula, was harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for extraction of total RNA and protein by using Trizol Reagent (Life Technologies, Inc.
The aorta was then taken and further fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for two more hours.
Results Blood flow, wall shear stress, lumen diameter, and wall thickness The ACF produced an increase in blood flow and therefore WSS in the infrarenal aorta by more than 5 folds after surgery (Table 1).
The blood which is found in the pulmonary artery has the same dark purple colour with that in the vena cava, while that in the pulmonary vein resembles the aortal blood in its brightness.
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