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Sentences for "auxin "
The single-gene diageotropica (dgt) mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) displays a pleiotropic phenotype that includes reduced auxin sensitivity [ 13].
A number of physiological and molecular studies suggest that a Dgt -dependent auxin signal transduction pathway regulates a subset of early auxin-response genes [ 14, 15, 16, 17], however, the nature of the Dgt gene is still unknown.
Rather, they are relatively simple, small molecules such as ethylene gas and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the primary auxin in the majority of plant species.
Well-studied examples include the promotion of fruit ripening by ethylene, regulation of the cell cycle by auxin and cytokinin, induction of seed germination and stem elongation by GA, and the maintenance of seed dormancy by ABA.
These proteins dimerize with members of the auxin response factor (ARF) family of transcription factors, thus preventing ARFs from activating auxin-responsive genes (Tiwari et al.
Upon an auxin stimulus, an SCF (SKP1/Cullin/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase (Deshaies 1999) containing the TIR1 F-box protein ubiquitinates the Aux/IAA proteins, marking them for degradation by the 26S proteasome thereby de-repressing the response pathway (Gray et al.
Despite numerous efforts to identify auxin-induced modification of Aux/IAA proteins, no such signal has been discovered, raising the distinct possibility that auxin uses a novel mechanism to regulate SCF-substrate interactions.
Signal Integration and Combinatorial Control Long ago, plant physiologists noted the apparent antagonistic interactions between some of the phytohormones, such as between auxin and cytokinin in the regulation of root-shoot differentiation and between GA and ABA in germination.
The auxin and BR pathways also appear to converge and mutually regulate some developmental processes.
Using combined genetic, physiological, and genomic approaches, Nemhauser and colleagues (2004) were able to demonstrate that auxin and BR regulate Arabidopsis hypocotyl (embryonic stem) elongation in a synergistic and interdependent fashion.
Elevating endogenous auxin levels rendered plants more sensitive to BR application in hypocotyl elongation assays, and this response was dependent upon both the auxin and BR signaling pathways.
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