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English words and Examples of Usage

Example Sentences for "avirulent "


Based on prior studies from our laboratory [ 9 10 ] , we predicted that this isolate would be avirulent in the mouse skin air sac model.

The HR occurs in response to infection with avirulent bacteria at levels of inoculum that cause a large percentage of leaf cells to undergo programmed cell death (PCD) [ 8 ] .

In these studies, neither SA/SA analogs nor avirulent bacteria were able to induce SAR on npr1 mutant plants.

In contrast to SAR induction, induction of PR-1 by avirulent bacteria has been shown to occur in npr1 mutants [ 11 ] .

At the one day time point, the double mutant showed significant impairment in PR-5 induction relative to wild type in response to either avirulent bacterial strain (Student's t test, P < 0.

These details are presented in a model of the signaling network for induction of SAR, PR-1 gene expression and PR-5 gene expression by avirulent P.

Conclusions In conclusion, the additive effects of two pathways explain most if not all induction of SAR and PR-1 gene expression by the avirulent bacteria examined.

By contrast, PR-5 induction by avirulent bacteria involves at least two additional pathways that also act in an additive fashion.

This correlation of the presence of the catalase-peroxidase in many virulent but not in avirulent strains suggests a direct role in the virulence of enterohemorrhagic E.

Strain F2/5 was chosen as the recipient of the TFX genes in this work because it is an avirulent strain that expresses a biological control phenotype on only one host.

By the same sets of criteria described above for studying the difference between wild-type and actA infections, we examined whether there were any genes reproducibly induced by cytoplasmic bacteria (wild-type or actA ) but not by the avirulent organism ( prfA ).

Our results are in broad agreement with these studies with respect to the central role of NF?

B in response to infection, but are also puzzling because we would not expect intestinal cells to respond so strongly to the presence of avirulent or heat-killed bacteria, even when presented on the apical surface of a confluent, polarized monolayer, regardless of the presence or absence of serum.

The availability of both avirulent and virulent strains of these pathogens facilitates identification of genes that are important for resistance, as well as those expressed during disease development [ 19 20 21 ] .

At the phenotypic level, acute ozone exposure (high dose for a short interval) causes necrotic lesions similar to those caused by avirulent pathogen infections, whereas chronic ozone exposure (low dose for an extended period of time) accelerates foliar senescence, producing similar symptoms to those caused by virulent pathogen infections [ 25 26 ] .

The avirulent bacterial strain of P.

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