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Sentences for "biomarkers "
This was done because prior studies have indicated the possible presence of low molecular weight biomarkers in ovarian cancer (see below).
First, these may actually represent biomarkers that correlate with ovarian cancer.
txt Background Gene expression profiling using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays is being applied for multiple purposes such as defining the taxonomy of different molecular subtypes of human breast and other cancers [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ] and discovering biomarkers and therapeutic targets [ 11 12 ] .
Importantly the nested case-control study of early detection biomarkers may be distinct from the original long-term study from which serum were collected.
This biopsy is the gold standard for determining cancer status in subjects with positive mammograms and is used for computing TPR in a way not possible with biomarkers in nested case-control studies.
Typically nested-case control studies of early detection biomarkers do not provide information on additional diagnostic follow-up.
To identify biomarkers with true and false positive rates similar to mammography, the training, test, and validation samples should each include at least 110 randomly selected subjects without cancer and 70 subjects with cancer (as based on FPR and TPR for mammography) The sample size is based on the need to determine if the biomarker is sufficiently promising for investigation as a trigger for early intervention in a future trial.
Conclusion A major advantage of nested case-control studies for early detection biomarkers is that they can be done quickly if serum from a long-term study has been stored in a biorepository.
These guidelines should greatly help investigators design and analyze nested case-control studies for early detection biomarkers and help readers of the literature to interpret them.
Thus, the high coincidental expression of iNOS and VEGF and p53 protein accumulation may be important events to enhance gastric carcinogenesis and poorly clinical features and may be useful biomarkers to assess risk for the development of GC.
These findings indicate that p53, iNOS and VEGF may be useful biomarkers for GC aggressiveness.
txt Background Identification of biomarkers that provide rapid and accessible readouts of drug exposure, activity, toxicity or efficacy is becoming increasingly important in the clinical development of novel molecularly targeted therapeutics.
The relative expression data for a selected subset of potential biomarkers were tested for differences between the SU5416 (treatment) and the standard of care (control) arms.
Quantitative RT-PCR validation of differentially expressed transcripts with samples from a second Phase III SU5416 trial To further confirm these transcripts as potential biomarkers of SU5416 administration, SYBR Green RT-PCR analysis was carried out in samples from a second Phase III trial using SU5416 (Trial B).
Additional file Additional file 1 Click here for file Discriminant analysis of the classification power of candidate biomarkers An important next step was to test whether relative expression data from these samples could be used in a predictive fashion to classify samples to the appropriate trial arm.
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