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Sentences for "centres "
At certain privileged points of the mycelium, the threads seem to be aggregated, and become centres of vertical extension.
Broadly, the attraction of the universe comes from its vibration at certain centres in the three higher notes; the repulsion comes from its vibration everywhere else in the three higher notes.
MOTT LONDON July, 1910 CONTENTS THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF SPEECH THE VOCAL INSTRUMENT: THREE QUALITIES OF MUSICAL SOUNDS, LOUDNESS, PITCH AND TIMBRE THE VOCAL INSTRUMENT AND ITS THREE PARTS (1) THE BELLOWS AND ITS STRUCTURE: VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF BREATH (2) THE REED CONTAINED IN THE VOICE-BOX OR LARYNX: ITS STRUCTURE AND ACTION (3) THE RESONATOR AND ARTICULATOR, ITS STRUCTURE AND ACTION IN SONG AND SPEECH PATHOLOGICAL DEGENERATIVE CHANGES PRODUCING SPEECH DEFECTS AND WHAT THEY TEACH THE CEREBRAL MECHANISM OF SPEECH AND SONG SPEECH AND RIGHT-HANDEDNESS LOCALISATION OF SPEECH CENTRES IN THE BRAIN THE PRIMARY SITE OF REVIVAL OF WORDS IN SILENT THOUGHT CASE OF DEAFNESS ARISING FROM DESTRUCTION OF THE AUDITORY CENTRES IN THE BRAIN CAUSING LOSS OF SPEECH THE PRIMARY REVIVAL OF SOME SENSATIONS IN THE BRAIN PSYCHIC MECHANISM OF THE VOICE ILLUSTRATIONS FIG.
Observations upon anencephalous monsters (infants born without the great brain) show that breathing and crying can occur without the cerebral hemispheres; moreover, Goltz's dog, in which all the brain had been removed except the stem and base, was able to bark, growl, and snarl, indicating that the primitive function of the vocal instrument can be performed by the lower centres of the brain situated in the medulla oblongata.
These centres in the medulla preside over the centres in the spinal cord which are in direct relation to the inspiratory and expiratory muscles.
It is, however, probable that there is a direct relation between the brain and the spinal nerve centres which control the costal and abdominal muscles independently of the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata (vide fig.
When we desire to produce a particular vocal sound, a mental perception of the sound, which is almost instinctive in a person with a musical ear, awakens by association motor centres in the brain that preside over the innervation currents necessary for the approximation and minute alterations in the tensions of the vocal cords requisite for the production of a particular note.
The cortical centres or structures with specialised functions localised in particular regions of one hemisphere are associated by fibres passing to the same region in the opposite hemisphere by this bridge.
It will be observed that the centres for the special senses, tactile, muscular, hearing, and vision, are all situated behind the central fissure.
LOCALISATION OF SPEECH CENTRES IN THE BRAIN In 1863 Broca showed the importance in all right-handed people (that is in about ninety-five per cent of all human beings) of the third left frontal convolution for speech (vide figs.
This scheme is used to explain the mechanism of speech, but probably the centres are not precisely limited, as shown in the diagram; it serves, however, to explain disorders of speech.
The speech zone of the left hemisphere directly controls the centres in the medulla oblongata that preside over articulation and phonation; innervation currents are represented by the arrows coming from the higher to the lower centres.
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