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Sentences for "centromeres "
Human centromeres contain primarily alpha (or alphoid) satellite DNA.
Those clones can be used as starting material for construction of physical maps of human centromeres as well as for functional analysis of centromeres.
In animals, heterochromatin is typically found near centromeres and other regions of low sequence complexity.
Similarly, MI segregation of GFP-tagged centromeres in rec12 deletion mutants occurs at non-random levels (L.
Early observations by Rabl (cited by [ 3]) in plants suggested a preferential polarization of chromosomes, with their centromeres clustered at one end of the nuclear envelope (the apical side) and the telomeres at the opposite end (the basal side).
Repetitive sequences appear to dominate the centromeres of many eukaryotes [ 2], and telomeric and subtelomeric repeats extend for thousands or tens of thousands of nucleotides at the ends of chromosomes.
Although there are more repeats on chromosomes X and 2, they appear to be randomly distributed and are not clustered at the centromeres or telomeres.
The function of cohesion at the centromere is presumably to oppose the force of microtubules, which pull the chromosomes to opposite spindle poles, this force is not exerted along the chromosome arms, which means that cohesion at centromeres and along arms is functionally distinct.
Differences between Arms and Centromeres Cohesion in eukaryotic cells is mediated by a multi-subunit protein complex called cohesin.
Another important difference between cohesin binding along arms and at centromeres is that the arm sites do not appear to be dependent on a DNA consensus sequence, whereas binding to pericentric regions requires specific centromere sequence [13,14].
For instance, cohesin in chromosome arms may help to organize or condense chromosomes, whereas cohesin at centromeres may be more directly involved in chromosome bi-orientation at the spindle and segregation.
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