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Sentences for "cerebral "
I had a cerebral contusion.
-This inoculation is performed precisely as for subdural save in step 6 the needle after perforating the dura mater is pushed onward into the substance of one or other cerebral hemispheres before the contents are ejected.
MOTT LONDON July, 1910 CONTENTS THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF SPEECH THE VOCAL INSTRUMENT: THREE QUALITIES OF MUSICAL SOUNDS, LOUDNESS, PITCH AND TIMBRE THE VOCAL INSTRUMENT AND ITS THREE PARTS (1) THE BELLOWS AND ITS STRUCTURE: VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF BREATH (2) THE REED CONTAINED IN THE VOICE-BOX OR LARYNX: ITS STRUCTURE AND ACTION (3) THE RESONATOR AND ARTICULATOR, ITS STRUCTURE AND ACTION IN SONG AND SPEECH PATHOLOGICAL DEGENERATIVE CHANGES PRODUCING SPEECH DEFECTS AND WHAT THEY TEACH THE CEREBRAL MECHANISM OF SPEECH AND SONG SPEECH AND RIGHT-HANDEDNESS LOCALISATION OF SPEECH CENTRES IN THE BRAIN THE PRIMARY SITE OF REVIVAL OF WORDS IN SILENT THOUGHT CASE OF DEAFNESS ARISING FROM DESTRUCTION OF THE AUDITORY CENTRES IN THE BRAIN CAUSING LOSS OF SPEECH THE PRIMARY REVIVAL OF SOME SENSATIONS IN THE BRAIN PSYCHIC MECHANISM OF THE VOICE ILLUSTRATIONS FIG.
Left hemisphere, showing cerebral localisation 17.
Diagram to illustrate cerebral mechanism of speech, after Bastian 18.
The course of innervation currents in phonation THE BRAIN AND THE VOICE IN SPEECH AND SONG In the following pages on the Relation of the Brain to the mechanism of the Voice in Speech and Song, I intend, as far as possible, to explain the mechanism of the instrument, and what I know regarding the cerebral mechanism by which the instrument is played upon in the production of the singing voice and articulate speech.
This sensory receptor with its cerebral perceptor has in the long process of time, aided by vision, under the influence of natural laws of the survival of the fittest, educated and developed an instrument of simple construction (primarily adapted only for the vegetative functions of life and simple vocalisation) into that wonderful instrument the human voice; but by that development, borrowing the words of Huxley, "man has slowly accumulated and organised the experience which is almost wholly lost with the cessation of every individual life in other animals; so that now he stands raised as upon a mountain-top, far above the level of his humble fellows, and transfigured from his grosser nature by reflecting here and there a ray from the infinite source of truth.
Observations upon anencephalous monsters (infants born without the great brain) show that breathing and crying can occur without the cerebral hemispheres; moreover, Goltz's dog, in which all the brain had been removed except the stem and base, was able to bark, growl, and snarl, indicating that the primitive function of the vocal instrument can be performed by the lower centres of the brain situated in the medulla oblongata.
There is a wasting of the cerebral hemispheres, especially of the frontal lobes, a portion of the brain which, later on, we shall see is intimately associated with the function of articulate speech.
THE CEREBRAL MECHANISM OF SPEECH AND SONG Neither vocalisation nor articulation are essentially human.
Gall, the founder of the doctrine of Phrenology, wrecked his fame as a scientist by associating mental faculties with conditions of the skull instead of conditions of the brain beneath; nevertheless, he deserves the highest credit for his discoveries and deductions, for he was the first to point out that that part of the brain with which psychic processes are connected must be the cerebral hemispheres.
Gall therefore argued that we must consider the cerebral hemispheres to be the seat of the higher functions of the mind.
His doctrine of Phrenology was shown to be absolutely illogical; consequently it was forgotten that he was the pioneer of cerebral localisation.
SPEECH AND RIGHT-HANDEDNESS The next step in Cerebral Localisation was made by a French physician, Marc Dax, who first observed that disease of the left half of the cerebrum producing paralysis of the right half of the body (right hemiplegia) was associated with loss of articulate speech.
that right-handed people use their left cerebral hemisphere as the executive portion of the brain in speech.
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