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Sentences for "chromatids "
Not all identical polytene chromatids of the anlage are processed identically, as evidenced by the generation of alternative processing families of MAC chromosomes.
We proposed that this nested set is generated by alternative breakage patterns of polytene chromatids of the 81 locus DNA ( [ 27 ] , bottom, Fig.
Given the apparent functioning of exonucleolytic erosion following chromatid cutting, note that another way to explain the generation of arm-less chromosomes is to assume that chromatids are only cut at arm-distal sites, and that erosion alternatively stops at the arm-distal TAS position, or proceeds completely through the arm to stop in the CR-boundary multi-TAS region.
Perhaps more interestingly, these inter-karyonidal variations could be attributed to the limited number of chromatids available to be partitioned into the various TAS classes represented by the display bands, however, the over-riding reproducibility implies that the positions of these TASs are dictated genetically by cis -acting sequences.
In cell division, nuclear kinesins of this chromokinesin class appear to be important for the maintenance of sister chromatids on the metaphase plate [ 36 ] .
There is specific labelling of both chromatids of both homologues of rat chromosome (RNO) 6 (Fig.
In meiosis I (MI) homologous chromosomes segregate from their partners in a reductional division, and during meiosis II (MII) sister chromatids segregate from one-another in an equational division similar to mitosis.
Precocious separation of sister chromatids during MI [ 44 46 ] can also produce diploid meiotic products, 67% of which would be heterozygous for centromere markers (Figure 5D) [ 38 ] .
This indicates that about 95% of those rec12-Y98F mutant cells that produced diploid spores must have successfully completed the reductional segregation of chromosomes (MI) and failed to properly segregate sister chromatids during the equational division (MII).
Also, during OM oocytes undergo two highly-regulated metaphase-anaphase transitions (MAT) in which homologous chromosomes are equally and randomly segregated to an oocyte and first polar body and a subsequent division in which equational division of sister chromatids results in a haploid oocyte and a second polar body.
1A), the data indicated that MG-132 induced a dose-response perturbation or delay in the rate of OM and an increase of single, unpaired chromatids and hyperploidy in MII oocytes (Table I).
PCS of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids prior to establishing proper kinetochore-spindle attachment during meiosis I increases the probabilities of both homologues going to the same pole and of equational division of sister chromatids during anaphase I.
PCS of homologues during meiosis I and equational division of sister chromatids during anaphase I [ 56 57 ] and premature separation of chromatids during meiosis II [ 58 59 ] and mitosis [ 60 61 ] have been shown to increase the incidence of aneuploidy in subsequent divisions.
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