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Sentences for "circadian "
And a long article summarizes research on circadian rhythms.
txt Introduction Circadian rhythms, synchronized to external environmental cycles such as day and night, occur in a broad range of physiological and behavioral processes.
Molecular-genetic analysis of circadian rhythms in Drosophila, Neurospora and more recently in vertebrate systems has led to the conclusion [ 3, 4, 5] that rhythms of gene expression are of central importance both in the sustained generation of rhythmicity (clock genes) and in the control of output pathways (clock controlled genes).
Recently, the search for components of the vertebrate circadian system has led to the identification of homologues of period [ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12] and timeless [ 13, 14, 15, 16], originally characterized as central clock genes in Drosophila , as well as Clock and Bmal1 ( Cycle ), identified initially in the mouse [ 17, 18, 19, 20, 21].
For example, in Drosophila the circadian oscillator controlling behavioral rhythmicity can be localized to a small set of lateral neurons in the brain [ 32] while circadian transcription of the clock gene, period , occurs in multiple tissues and organs even when isolated to an in vitro setting [ 33].
The nocturnin gene was discovered in a differential display screen for circadian gene expression using the retina of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis [ 35, 36].
Although the nocturnin gene appears to encode a potentially important component of the circadian regulatory system in the Xenopus eye, its position within or downstream of the circadian clock mechanism has not been determined.
In addition, its importance in mammalian circadian regulation and in systems outside of the eye has not been evaluated.
Here we report that a mouse homologue of nocturnin is expressed in a circadian pattern in multiple tissues including retina, spleen, kidney, heart and liver.
Widespread rhythmic expression of mouse nocturnin ( mNoc ) parallels the pattern seen for other clock-related genes in the mouse, indicating that nocturnin is broadly associated with other circadian regulatory components.
Rhythms of mNocmRNA Abundance are Circadian in Nature In order to investigate the endogenous rhythmicity of mNoc expression, C3H/He mice were maintained in constant darkness for 36 hours before sampling for rhythmic changes in DD.
Discussion Our principal findings are that both the structure of the putative NOCTURNIN protein and circadian expression of its mRNA are conserved in the mouse.
xNoc was originally identified as the product of a differential display screen for circadian clock-regulated genes [ 35, 36] in the retina of the African clawed frog, a system known to exhibit circadian clock activity in an in vitro setting [ 27, 45].
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