www.use-in-a-sentence.com
English words and Examples of Usage
Example
Sentences for "concatenated "
Here, we compare the topologies produced with five, largely independent approaches to genome-tree building: i) presence-absence of genomes in Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs), ii) conservation of local gene order (pairs of adjacent genes) among prokaryotic genomes, iii) distribution of percent identity between apparent orthologs, iv) sequence conservation in concatenated alignments of ribosomal proteins, v) comparative analysis of multiple trees reconstructed for representative protein families.
Alignment-based approaches to the construction of a species tree Concatenated alignments of ribosomal proteins The alignments of the 32 ribosomal proteins conserved in all bacterial and archaeal species were concatenated head-to-tail and treated as a single alignment containing 4821 columns.
Similar tree topologies were obtained when the ribosomal protein data were analyzed using the neighbor-joining method and when bacterial phylogeny was analyzed separately by using a concatenated alignments of 51 ribosomal proteins shared by all bacteria (data not shown).
Notably, in the quantitative comparison of tree topologies, the tree made of concatenated ribosomal protein alignments showed the closest similarity to the genome-tree based on the distributions of percent identity between orthologs (Table 2).
In each case, a wide spread of topologies was observed, but the grouping that is observed in the concatenated ribosomal proteins tree was encountered most often, although, for example, for the spirochete-chlamydia cluster, the lead over other topologies was slim (Fig.
The same logic applied to the tree made of concatenated ribosomal protein sequences, which included two other non-trivial bacterial groupings, Aquifex-Thermotoga and Synechocystis-Mycobacterium-Deinococcus, the latter joining the Gram-positive branch.
However, the strong support for this grouping obtained in the analysis of concatenated ribosomal proteins argues against horizontal transfer as the primary cause for the observed topology.
An independent phylogenetic study of concatenated ribosomal proteins has been recently published [ 32 ] .
Another recent study addressed the issue of a global tree through phylogenetic analysis of 14 concatenated sets of orthologous proteins, for which no strong evidence of horizontal transfer was available [ 33 ] .
Maximum Likelihood trees based on concatenated alignments of ribosomal proteins Sets of orthologous ribosomal proteins were extracted from the COG database, and their amino acid sequences were aligned using the T-Coffee program [ 45 ] , with subsequent manual validation and removal of poorly aligned regions.
Pairwise evolutionary distances between the sequences in concatenated alignments were calculated using the Dayhoff PAM model as implemented in the PROTDIST program of the PHYLIP package [ 44 ] .
Alignments and ML trees were constructed for these families as described above for the concatenated ribosomal proteins.
0) when the 100 four-taxon protein alignments were concatenated and analyzed using neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference (Fig.
Proteins determined to be rate-constant at the typically applied stringency level (5% significance), and at two greater stringency levels (10% and 40% significance) were concatenated and bootstrap support was determined using neighbor joining.
Only first 15 results shown.
>>>>>>> GO TO ADVANCED VOCABULARY TESTS <<<<<<
English Jokes
Newspapers
After-life Issues
Funny Videos
Academic English Words List and Example
Sentences
Example sentences with the concatenated , a sentence example for concatenated , and
how
to make concatenated in sample sentence, Synonyms and Collocations for concatenated
how do I use the word concatenated in a sentence? How do you spell concatenated in a
sentence? spelling of concatenated
Search
Example Sentences for any English Word here ....
Translate
Cambridge Dictionary
Meaning
Longman Dictionary Meaning
Macmillan Dictionary
Meaning
Oxford Dictionary Meaning
Collocations
Synonyms
Share on Facebook