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Sentences for "conductivity "
An ohm is a unit of electrical resistance (named for the German physicist, Georg Simon Ohm), and a mho is a unit of conductivity of a body whose resistance is one ohm.
At 500 kHz, liver conductivity is approximately 0.
By comparison, liver conductivity at 27 MHz and 2.
A constant electrical conductivity necessitates a constant electric field and current density and, thus, imposes a one-way coupling between the electrical and thermal problems.
Several investigators have shown that the electrical conductivity of materials is temperature-dependent [ 21 ] .
When temperature-dependent electrical conductivity is applied to computational models, bi-directional coupling is imposed between electrical and thermal problems.
Methods Temperature-Dependent Conductivity Since, to date, there have been no formal experimental measurements on the temperature-dependence of the electrical conductivity of liver, we have assumed that the temperature-dependent behavior of liver tissue is similar to that of an equivalent sodium chloride solution.
Using this established relationship, we chose a NaCl concentration that produced an equivalent electrical conductivity of liver tissues at 37°C (approximately 0.
The electrical permittivity, which is more closely related to the cellular structure of cells, is a much smaller component to tissue impedance than the electrical conductivity and can be ignored in a first-order calculation.
The difference in the methodology used to solve these governing equations for the cases of constant and temperature-dependent conductivity stems from the method in which Laplace's equation (Equation 2) is solved.
In the case where the electrical conductivity is a constant, Laplace's equation can be rearranged such that ?
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2V = 0.
Since temperature is a function of position and is not uniform over the volume, the electrical conductivity is a function of both temperature and position in the case of temperature-dependence.
In this situation, Equations 2 and 3 must be simultaneously solved which involves iterative computation of both the electrical conductivity and the temperature.
In both the temperature-dependent conductivity and constant conductivity models, the boundary conditions were the same.
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