Use covalently in a sentence - Example Sentences for covalently
Removal of negative supercoils from DNA by bacterial type IA topoisomerase involves the following steps: (1) binding of the enzyme to the junction of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA [ 8 ] , (2) cleavage of a single-strand of DNA near the junction with cleavage sequence preference of a cytosine in the -4 position to form the covalent intermediate [ 9 10 ] , (3) conformational change of the covalent enzyme-DNA complex to result in physical separation of the 5' phosphate covalently linked to the active tyrosine, and the 3' hydroxyl of the cleaved DNA, (4) passage of the complementary single strand through the break, (5) enzyme conformational change to bring the 5' phosphoryl end back into the proximity of the 3' hydroxyl group of the cleaved DNA, (6) religation of the phosphodiester bond.
Therefore the ZD domain can supply the function that is missing in Top67 even when the two domains are not covalently linked.
After cleavage of the DNA gate strand which becomes covalently linked to Tyr319 on Top67 (step 2), protein conformational change involving both Top67 and the ZD domain increases the distance between the covalently bound 5' phosphate and non-covalently bound 3' hydroxyl of the cleaved DNA gate strand while the passing DNA strand (T-strand) is guided through the "gate" via interaction with the ZD domain (step 3) to lead to change in linking number.
In one assay, we covalently attached peptides to plastic plates, then measured the amount of fluorescent calmodulin that remained unbound after incubation with the peptide-derivatized plate.
In fact, there have been over 300 distinct ß-lactamases reported, and most of these enzymes utilize an active site serine group to nucleophilically attack the ß-lactam carbonyl, resulting in a hydrolyzed product that is covalently attached to the active site.
This system employs a cascade of enzymatic reactions that covalently attach a ubiquitin chain to substrate proteins, thereby targeting them to the proteasome [ 19 ] .
Under this condition, only those proteins covalently linked to His-Ub would be co-purified.
The cysteine that covalently bonds to the transferred S atom is conserved in all nine of the sequences that contain the rhodanese-like domain included in this study (data not shown).
Upon cleavage, extracellular N-terminal and predominantly intracellular, membrane bound C-terminal segments are generated, which remain non-covalently associated [ 1] A subset of the type II class, identified previously as type IIB RPTPs [ 2], is characterized by the presence of an N-terminal MAM domain.
In ChIP, whole cells are treated with formaldehyde to covalently link DNA and associated proteins, and the resulting mix is fragmented by sonication.
In an Ampliflour, complementary DNA sequences, fluorescent reporter, and quencher are all covalently linked on the same DNA strand.
Hence, in addition to covalent heme binding, HNOB domains may also interact with it non-covalently.
Majority of the bacterial HNOB domain proteins are predicted to covalently bind heme.
Those versions that lack the heme-binding histidine might either non-covalently interact with heme, as in the case of the SGC ?
-subunits, or bind some other unknown ligand.
The core of the multi-subunit BCR is membrane-bound immunoglobulin (mIg), which is non-covalently associated with two co-receptor molecules, CD79a (Ig?
) and CD79b (Igß), products of the mb-1 and B29 genes [ 29 30 ] .
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The word covalently
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