Use covariation in a sentence - Example Sentences for covariation
coli in 1978 [ 14 ] , the first covariation-based structure models were not predicted until more 16S rRNA sequences were determined [ 15 16 17 ] .
coli in 1980 [ 18 ] , the first covariation-based structure models were predicted the following year, once a few more complete 23S rRNA sequences were determined [ 19 20 21 ] .
Both of these comparative structure models were improved as the number of sequences with different patterns of variation increased and the covariation algorithms were able to resolve different types and extents of covariation (see below).
The 16S and 23S rRNA covariation-based structure models have undergone numerous revisions [ 23 24 25 26 27 28 ] .
Today, with a significantly larger number of sequences and more advanced covariation algorithms, we search for all positional covariations, regardless of the types of pairings and the proximity of those pairings with other paired and unpaired nucleotides.
The net result is a highly refined secondary and tertiary covariation-based structure model for 16S and 23S rRNA.
, manuscript in preparation]: 97-98% of the secondary and tertiary structure base pairs predicted with covariation analysis are present in the crystal structures for the 30S [ 44 ] and 50S [ 45 ] ribosomal subunits.
edu/CSI/2STR/contains our most recent 16S and 23S rRNA covariation-based structure models, which were adapted from the original Noller & Woese models (16S [ 15 22 ] and 23S [ 19 ] rRNA), and the structure models for 5S rRNA [ 12 ] , tRNA [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] , and the group I [ 32 ] and group II [ 34 ] introns, as determined by others.
This collection of RNA structure models was predicted with covariation analysis, as described at the CRW Site Methods Section http://www.
Briefly, covariation analysis, a specific application of comparative analysis (as mentioned earlier), searches for helices and base pairs that are conserved in different sequences that form the same functionally equivalent molecule ( e.
This latter implementation of the covariation analysis helped us refine the secondary and tertiary structure models by eliminating previously proposed base pairs that are not underscored with positional covariation and identifying new secondary and tertiary structure base pairs that do have positional covariation [ 19 70 71 72 ] .
Our newest covariation analysis methods associate color-coded confidence ratings with each proposed base pair (see reference structure diagrams and Section 2A, "Nucleotide Frequency Tabular Display," for more details).
When implemented properly, covariation analysis can predict RNA structure with extreme accuracy.
All of the secondary structure base pairs and a few of the tertiary structure base pairs predicted with covariation analysis [ 5 6 7 8 9 71 72 73 74 ] are present in the tRNA crystal structure [ 10 11 ] .
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The word covariation
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